Fuel injection pump



June 1, 1954 w. o. BISCHOFF 2,679,804

FUEL INJECTION PUMP Filed Feb. 11. 1953 5 Sheets-$heet 2 //\/V/V70P. WALDEMAE .O. IBISCHOF'F TTOPNE 3 June 1954 w. o. BISCHOFF FUEL INJECTION PUMP 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Feb. 11, 1955 l/VVf/V7'0R WALDEMAR O. BISCHOFF ATTOFA/[K June 1, 1954 w. o. BISCHOFF 2,679,304

FUEL INJECTION PUMP Filed Feb. 11, 1953 5 SheetsSheet 4 WALDE. MAE o. BISCHOFF ATTOP/VfY.

June 1, 1954 w. o. BISCHOFF FUEL INJECTION PUMP 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Feb. 11. 1953 rill:

/NVE/VTOF. WALDEMAE O. BPSCHOFF ATTOP/VEK Patented June 1, 1954 FUEL INJECTION PUMP Waldemar O. Bischofl, South Hadley Falls, Mass., assignor to American Bosch Corporation, Springfield, Mass., a corporation of New York Application February 11, 1953, Serial No. 336,329

7 Claims.

This invention relates to fuel injection apparatus and has particular reference to a new and improved apparatus of the distributor type which is relatively simple and compact in construction, yet eificient in operation.

An object of the invention is to provide a relatively simple and compact fuel injection apparatus adapted to supply fuel to a plurality of outlets successively.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of the type set forth which is of such size that it may be positioned in the space usually occupied by the ignition distributor and driven by the type of drive usually employed for driving the ignition distributor and thereby providing a simple, low cost drive and adaptability to the engine.

Another object is to provide a device of the type set forth which employs a relatively short fuel path between the pump and distributor and which allows the employment of a delivery valve with relief action.

Another object is to provide a new and improved fuel injection pump for an apparatus of the type set forth.

Another object is to provide a new and improved arrangement for automatically effecting oscillation of the distributor during the operation of the device and thereby increasing the useful life of the device.

Another object is to provide a device of the type set forth with means whereby the operative elements may be lubricated with lube oil.

Another object is to provide a device of the type set forth which employs a high pressure fuel metering arrangement.

Another object is to provide a new and improved drive arrangement for a device of the type set forth which reduces the power requirements of the device.

Another object is to provide a device of the type set forth which eliminates the necessity of an expensive supply pump.

Another object is to provide a new and improved device of the type set forth which is adapted for either flange mounting or base mounting without sacrificing the compactness or simplicity of the device.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that changes may be made in the details of construction and arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit of the invention, as the preferred forms have been given by way of illustration only.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side view of a form of the device employing an external governor;

Fig. 2 is an end view of the device shown in Fig. 1 from the drive end;

Fig. 3 is an end view of the device shown in Fig. 1 from the distributor end;

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the device shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on line 55 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken on line 66 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. '7 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line 11 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the double face cam drive member;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary side view of the double face cam taken on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 10 is a top view of a form of the device employing an internal governor;

Fig. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of the form of the device shown in Fig. 10; and

Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken on line l2-I2 of Fig. 10, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Referring more particularly to the drawings wherein similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout, the device shown embodying the invention comprises a housing l0 in which is positioned the hydraulic head I l by brazing or other suitable means at 12.

Within the hydraulic head II is positioned the distributor l3 which has the splined end l4 adapted to engage the splined end I5 on drive shaft H; which is adapted to be connected to the engine and driven thereby.

On the periphery" of distributor I3 is secured the double face cam ll which is secured to distributor [3 by the screws IB, wedge keys [8a and retaining ring 18?) or other suitable means whereby rotation of distributor l3 effects simultaneous rotation of double face cam IT. The arrangement shown for securing the double face cam 11 to the distributor I3 provides reasonably accurate location of the cam in relation to the distributor ports and eliminates all looseness or play between the distributor shaft and the cam. Due to the shape of the keys Mia and keyways 180 any tightening of screws [8 will cause cam I! to move tightly against retaining ring I822, Continued tightening of the screws [8 will force keys 18a to move in keyways I until they are wedged securely between cam shaft 25 is provided lever 2!- which may be connected to the engine governor or. other suitable controls for controlling the setting. .of'metering sleeve 24.

Insert 28 may be securedto housing ID 'by brazing or some other suitable means; This. construction in effect provides a one piece head and. housing. for the pump. Distributor I3 is closely fitted to both .head..|| and insert 28 providinga good rigid bearing support on both sides of cam l1 and .also preventing the leakage of fuelfrom the head and/or sump 63 into the cam compartment. Lubricating oil may be suppliedto the cam compartment for the lubrication of the cam and rollers. If desired, the cam and rollersmayv be lubricated by fuel by providing a passage between the cam compartment and either sump..58 or sump 63.

Distributor I 3 is provided with a bore in which is positioned pumping. plunger 29 in which is positioned delivery valve 30 which is nonnally retainedin closedposition by delivery valve springBl. The delivery valve canbe provided with a relief piston in a manner well known to theart.

The pumping plunger 29 is provided with the reduced portionz32- .through which extends a fuel passage 33.. Pumping plunger 29 is adapted tobe retained against'cap 35 by means of coil spring 34.

Face -cam.|'| is of the double face type,.as shown particularly in Figs. 8 and .9, and passes between rollers. 36 on pins or pivots 3'! and rotation of distributor |3v and metering portion extension 2|. effects rotation of double face cam H. which effects a continuous reciprocation of distributor I3 and. metering portion 2| which serves to oscillate the distributonthus evenly distributing the wear over its surface and at the same time effects pumping actionof injection pump pumping plunger 29 into the chamber 38 from which the fuel, when the pressure in chamber 38. is sufficient, opens delivery valve 3 3 and allows fuel to pass into distributing chamber 39 from which fuel passes through openings 43 to port 4|.through which fuel passes through slot 42 to each of the outlets 43 successively upon rotation of distributor l3 and from outlets 43, the fuel is supplied through lines, not shown, to each of the combustion chambers of the engine successivelyc The-double face cam I! controls the oscillation of the distributor in both the upward and downward directions thereby eliminating the need for return springs and reducing the driving power required because the spring forces are removed.

In the form of the invention shown in Figs. 10, 11 and 12, which is the form having the centrifugal internal governor, thegovernor is of the ball type having the balls 44-:with the double cones 45. The'governor force isresisted by torsion springs 46 and .4!- working on levers Miami 49 respectively which link directly to the fuel metering sleeve 24.

The pump housing I0 is extended to include the governor mechanism.

The cones 45 bear against the balls 44 which are driven by retainer cage 45a. The fuel load adjustment screw 49 is held in its desired position by-elastic' stop nut "50%"? Full load stop plate 5| is a part of -governor lever 48 which pivots on throttle shaft 52 and bears on the floating cone. Torsion spring 46 on shaft 52 bears against lever 48.and.resists the motion of the cone 45.

Metering sleeve 24 on distributor 3 is moved by:lever. 49a. through pivot pins 53 fastened to lever 49w which .pivots on idle adjustment shaft 54. Spring: 41Jbears against lever 49a. shutoff lever..55.-is.fastened to shaft 56 and operates against lever 49a.

Asthe drive shaft I6 is rotated, the distributor l3 and metering portion 2| are simultaneously rotated as is the face cam H, and the cam effects oscillation of the distributor i3 and meter-- chamber 38.. During this time the delivery valve 30 is held tightly against its seat by spring 3| thereby preventing anyfiow of fuel to or from the outlet ports.

Near the end of the filling stroke, rotation of,

distributor l3 causes slots560 to go out of communication with ports 59 and fuel flow through these ports isstopped." Meanwhile slot 42 has become alignedwithone of the discharge ports 43 and is ready for. the injection of fuel and further rotation of the shaft' l6 and cam starts the compression or injection stroke.

Withinletports'59xclosed and valve 36 against its seat, compression of the fuel will cause it to flow through axial passage 22 to ports 23 into sump 63 which isconnected to filling sump 58 through vent .line64.

Metering sleeve 24 is set at a predetermined position for the quantity of fuel desired per stroke and fuelrwill continue to flow out of ports 23. until the. ports are closed by the sleeve due tooscillation-of metering portion 2|. With all passages closed to flow further compression of the fuel-'willilift thedelivery valve from its seat and fuel can now flow through the ports 4| to the selected outlet;from which it will flow to the combustion chamberyconnected to the selected outlet.

When the pump is operatingthe governor balls 44, which are driven by the cage 45a, tend to move radially. outward due .to centrifugal force. The shape of the conetranslates this radial motion to an axial movement of the floating cone and because both :of the cones have the same profile, the net axial movement of the floating cone is doubled.-

This axial motion is resisted by the force exerted by spring. 46working against lever 48 which bears on .the floating cone. The amount of force developed by spring 46 can be varied within predetermined limitsby' the operator by turning throttle shaft'52. Rotation of the shaft 52 will increase ordecrease the spring force by winding: upor unwinding torsion spring 46.

Sleeve control lever 491i pivots on idle shaft 54. On this lever 49a are two pivot pins 53 which engage fuel metering sleeve 24. Spring 41 forces lever 49a to bear against lever 48. Any movement of the floating cone is transmitted to lever 48 and results in a relative movement of lever 49a and this motion of lever 49a causes sleeve 24 to move a proportionate amount.

The tension or load applied by torsion spring 41 can be varied by rotation of shaft Ed. Should either spring 46 or 4'! fail, the floating cone would immediately move the levers 48 and 49a and the fuel metering sleeve 24 to lower fuel delivery or shutoff position.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that I have provided simple, efiicient and economical means for obtaining all of the objects and advantages of the invention.

I claim:

1. In a device of the character described, a housing, a member mounted for rotation in said housing, said member having a distributing portion and a metering portion, said member having a bore and a pumping member in said bore, said pumping member communicating wtih said metering portion and said distributing portion and means for effecting simultaneous rotation and reciprocation of said distributing portion and reciprocation of said pumping member in said bore, and a discharge valve in a bore in said pumping member.

2. In a device of the character described, a housing, a member mounted for rotation in said housing, said member having a distributing portion and a metering portion, said member having a bore and a pumping member in said bore, said pumping member communicating with said metering portion and said distributing portion and means for effecting simultaneous rotation and reciprocation of said distributing portion and reciprocation of said pumping member in said bore, said metering portion having a spill passage and means surrounding said portion for controlling the quantity of fuel spilled through said spill passage.

3. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, a member mounted for rotation and axial movement in said bore, said member having a distributing portion adjacent one end thereof and a metering portion adjacent the opposite end thereof, said member having a bore in the end thereof adjacent said distributing portion, a pumping member in said bore in said distributing portion and adapted to be reciprocated upon axial movement of said member and a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said distributing portion upon its rotation, said pumping member having a bore communicating with said distributing portion and the pumping portion of said pumping member and a check valve in said bore in said pumping member.

4. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, a member mounted for rotation and axial movement in said bore, said member having a distributing portion adjacent one end thereof and a metering portion adjacent the opposite end thereof, said member having a bore in the end thereof adjacent said distributing portion, a pumping member in said bore in said distributing portion and adapted to be reciprocated upon axial movement of said member and a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said distributing portion upon its rotation, and a face cam surrounding said member for effecting axial movement thereof upon the rotation of said member, said pumping member having a bore communicating with said distributing portion and the pumping portion of said pumping member and a check valve in said bore in said pumping member.

5. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, a member mounted for rotation and axial movement in said bore, said member having a distributing portion adjacent one end thereof and a metering portion adjacent the opposite end thereof, said member having a bore in the end thereof adjacent said distributing portion, a pumping member in said bore in said distributing portion and adapted to be reciprocated upon axial movem nt of said member and a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said distributing portion upon its rotation, and a face cam surrounding said member for effecting axial movement thereof upon the rotation of said member, said metering portion having a spill passage and means for controlling the quantity of fuel spilled therethrough.

6. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, a member mounted for rotation and axial movement in said bore, said member having a distributing portion adjacent one end thereof and a metering portion adjacent the opposite end thereof, said member having a bore in the end thereof adjacent said distributing portion, a pumping member in said bore in said distributing portion and adapted to be reciprocated upon axial movement of said member and a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said distributing portion upon its rotation, and a check valve in the fuel path between said pumping member and said distributing portion, said metering portion having a spill passage and means for controlling the quantity of fuel spilled therethrough.

7. In a device of the character described, a housing having a bore, a member mounted for rotation and axial movement in said bore, said member having a distributing portion adjacent one end thereof and a metering portion adjacent the opposite end thereof, said member having a bore in the end thereof adjacent said distribut ing portion, a pumping member in said bore in said distributing ortion and adapted to be reciprocated upon axial movement of said member and a plurality of outlets adapted to communicate successively with said distributing portion upon its rotation, said pumping member having a bore communicating with said distributing portion and the pumping portion of said pumping member and a check valve in said bore in said pumping member, said metering portion having a spill passage and means for controlling the quantity of fuel spilled therethrough.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,139,894 High Dec. 13, 1938 2,420,970 Parker May 20, 1947 2,478,528 Edwards Aug. 9, 1949 2,582,535 Drouot Jan. 15, 1952 

